PoE technology itself will not damage non-PoE devices, but improper use may cause damage.
Compatibility of PoE and non-PoE devices
PoE switches have detection and identification functions before powering. When a device is connected, the PoE switch sends a signal to the network to detect whether the terminal device supports PoE.
If not, no power is supplied, only data is transmitted, thus avoiding damage to non-PoE devices. If a non-compliant passive PoE switch is used, it may always send current. This can damage non-PoE devices because it does not follow IEEE standards.

Measures to prevent damage
Use a standard PoE switch: Ensure that both the PoE switch and the powered device follow the PoE IEEE standard. The power supply mode of the power supply device must match the powered device.
- Check the wiring and power supply.
- Before connecting the powered device, ensure the Ethernet cable supports PoE.
- Check whether the PoE power supply is sufficient to avoid problems caused by insufficient or excessive power.
Choose reliable equipment: Buy PoE gear from well-known brands. Avoid no-name or non-standard equipment to lower the risk of damage.