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Operational form
(1) Workstation A sends workstation B's address and data to Router 1 as a data packet.
(2) Upon obtaining the data packet from workstation A, router 1 initially extracts the address from the header, then determines the optimal route to workstation B based on the path table: R1->R2->R5->B; subsequently, it forwards the data packet to Router 2.
(3) Router 2 duplicates the task of Router 1 and sends the data packet to Router 5.
(4) Router 5 gets the destination address and sees it's on the same network segment. It sends the data packet directly to workstation B.
(5) Workstation B receives the data packet from workstation A, and a communication process ends.

Use categories
Routers can be found in networks at all levels of the Internet. Access networks connect homes and small businesses to the internet. Routers in corporate networks link many computers in a campus or enterprise. Router end systems in backbone networks connect ISPs and corporate networks over long distances.
Access
Routers for access link up small enterprise clients within a residence or Internet Service Provider. Access routers have begun to provide more than just SLIP or PPP connections
Enterprise
Large routers connect multiple devices. They aim to link as many endpoints as possible at a low cost.
Moreover, they offer different tiers of service quality. Numerous contemporary corporate networks consist of Ethernet sections linked by hubs or bridges. Despite these devices being economical, simple to implement, and needing no configuration, they fail to offer service level assistance.
Backbone level
Backbone routers facilitate the linking of large-scale corporate networks. The primary considerations are quickness and dependability, with expense being a lesser concern. To ensure hardware dependability, techniques from telephone networks such as hot failover, redundant power sources, and dual data routes are employed. These techniques have essentially become standard for all backbone routers.
Terabits
In the future Internet, optical fiber and DWDM are already mature and easily accessible technologies. The new network needs routers that match the original fiber optic bandwidth and DWDM technology to improve performance. Therefore, the development of high-performance backbone switches/routers (terabit routers) has become a An urgent request.
Multiple WANs
The dual WAN router has two WAN ports for external network access. Computers in a network can use many outside network lines simultaneously, increasing speed by balancing the load. Dual WAN routers can combine bandwidth and use two lines, which single WAN routers cannot do.
3G wireless
The 3G wireless router has a powerful 32-bit ARM9 processor and uses RTOS as its software support platform. The system incorporates a comprehensive array of communication protocols, spanning from the logical link layer up to the application layer. Offer a secure, fast, steady, and trustworthy wireless network for users, supporting different protocols for routing and forwarding.
The above is everything we plan to introduce to you about the operation of routers and their usage classification.