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What is a transformer? What is the principle of transformer?

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Author : CETUS INTL
Update time : 2023-10-17 13:59:45
In a previous article we mentioned what a network transformer is. So what is a transformer? Want to know what the principle of a transformer is? This article will tell you one by one!

Next, we will explain to you a term that may have a wider scope than network transformer: transformer.

What is a transformer?
First, the network transformer is an industrial product. We can divide Transformers into many different types according to different uses. Each transformer has its own characteristics. We will introduce to you: the composition, function, classification, application and winding materials of network transformers.
In an AC circuit, we simply call the device that increases or decreases the voltage a transformer. But maybe this statement is not accurate.

what is a transformer

Composition
A transformer is a gadget that employs the concept of electromagnetic induction to alter AC voltage. The primary elements typically include a primary coil, a secondary coil, and a magnetic core (iron core).

(1) Iron core - the primary component of the magnetic circuit in a transformer.
This section often consists of silicon steel sheets with insulating paint, and it typically contains a significant amount of silicon.
The iron core divides into two parts: iron core columns and horizontal sheets. Iron core column sleeve: winding; horizontal piece: closed magnetic circuit.

(2) Coil - The coil refers to the circuit component of the transformer.
Double-wire insulated flat wire or enameled round wire winds it. The fundamental concept of a transformer is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
A transformer consists of two coil groups. These are the primary coil and the secondary coil. The first coil receives alternating current. This causes the transformer core to generate a changing magnetic field.

As a result, the second coil produces an electric force. The turns ratio of a transformer's coils is equal to the voltage ratio.

Function
The primary roles of the transformer include: transforming voltage, altering current, converting impedance, providing isolation, stabilizing voltage (magnetic saturation transformer), and so on.

(1)Variable voltage
A transformer raises or lowers the voltage, and adjusts it to match the voltage level. This can better meet electricity needs to a certain extent.

(2) Variable current
Transformers can change not only voltage but also current. Change the magnitude of the current through a transformer. It can ensure the safety of the motor to a certain extent.

(3)Isolation
The transmission of electricity may need to travel over long distances. Transformers isolate the various systems.

Classification-Purpose
Transformers can be categorized based on their applications: transformers for distribution, power transformers, completely sealed transformers, combined transformers, dry-type transformers, transformers immersed in oil,rectifier transformers, reactors, transformers for anti-interference, transformers for lightning protection, box-type transformer test transformers, excitation transformers, and so on.

Five common categories
(1)Power transformer
Power transformers are mainly oil-immersed, and their product structures are of two types: core type and shell type. The core process is relatively simple, while the shell structure and process are more complex.

(2) Distribution transformer
There are round and oval core forms. Low voltage coils are available in wirewound and foil types.

(3)Dry-type transformer
There are four structures of dry transformation: epoxy resin casting, filler casting, wrapping and impregnation.

(4)Amorphous alloy transformer
Amorphous alloy transformers are energy-saving, so their future development prospects are promising.

(5) Wound core transformer
Currently, manufacturers produce most rolled core transformers for 10KV level with a capacity usually below 800KV·.

Application
Different industries, agriculture, transportation, and urban communities widely use transformers for various purposes.

It is worth mentioning that the winding material
The winding material is the primary issue to pay attention to when installing a transformer. Devices made of different materials play different roles. Winding transformers have a unique structure and use suitable materials for good electrical and thermal conductivity. They also have excellent corrosion resistance, which improves circuit stability.

The winding materials used in transformer installation generally include: iron core materials, insulation materials, impregnating materials, etc. The installer must choose according to the actual situation.

(1) Iron core material.
Transformers use the principle of electromagnetic induction to control current and voltage values. The iron core is an important part of the transformer and its condition affects how well the transformer works.

(2) Insulating materials.
To ensure safety during transformer installation, on-site workers must choose proper insulation materials to protect other equipment in the system.
Some transformers have insulating parts, such as washers and appliances. However, there can still be safety risks if people do not use them correctly.
The transformer needs better insulation for the coil frame layers and windings to improve performance.

(3) Impregnated materials.
The infusion process is the concluding stage in the treatment of coiling materials. The main purpose is to improve the mechanical properties, electrical properties, and insulation properties of the material. After choosing the wound material, the installer will apply paint and insulation to its surface.

Finally, we will introduce to you the principle of transformer
A transformer is an apparatus that employs the concept of electromagnetic induction to alter AC voltage. Its key elements include a primary coil, a secondary coil, and an iron core (magnetic core).
Electrical equipment and wireless circuits often use it to increase and decrease voltage, match impedance, ensure safety isolation, etc.
In a generator, an electric potential is induced in the coil, regardless of whether the coil is moving through a magnetic field or the magnetic field is moving through a stationary coil.
Regardless of the scenario, the magnetic flux's value remains constant, but the quantity of magnetic flux intersecting the coil varies. This concept is known as mutual induction. A transformer is a piece of equipment that employs electromagnetic mutual induction to alter voltage, current, and impedance.

The above is an introduction to transformers and their principles. I hope this helps you who are trying to learn more about network transformers.