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What is a network filter?

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Author : CETUS INTL
Update time : 2024-05-30 15:43:40
Network filter - signal receiving device. If you want to know more about network filters, we will tell you in this short article.

What is a network filter?
The role of the filter is to enable signals of a specific frequency to transition seamlessly. Other frequency signals are significantly reduced. Essentially, it's a circuit that selects frequencies.
In the filter, the frequency range that allows the signal to pass through is referred to as the passband.
The stopband is where the signal is weakened or blocked. The cutoff frequency separates the passband from the stopband. In an ideal filter, the voltage gain remains steady in the passband, while it is non-existent in the stopband. A filter has a transition band between the passband and stopband with a specific frequency range.

What is a network filter?
What categories can network filters be divided into?
Based on the signal being processed, we can categorize it into two types: analog filters and digital filters.

There are four types of filters that allow different signal frequencies to pass through. These types are low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters.
Low-pass filters permit the passage of low frequencies.
High-pass filters enable high frequencies to traverse through. Band-pass filters facilitate the transmission of a particular spectrum of frequencies. Band-stop filters block a specific range of frequencies from passing through.

A low-pass filter lets low-frequency and DC signals pass through but blocks high-frequency signals, disturbances, and noise.

High-pass filter: Allows high-frequency signals to pass through while blocking low-frequency or DC signals.

A band-pass filter lets signals in a specific frequency range pass through. It blocks any signals, disturbances, or noise that are not in that range.

Band-stop filters block signals in a specific frequency range and let signals outside that range pass through.

Based on the components utilized, filters can be categorized into passive and active types.
Passive filter: A filter composed only of passive components. This is built on the concept that the reactance of capacitors and inductors varies with frequency.
This filter is easy to use, doesn't need a power source, and is reliable. The drawbacks include: energy loss in the passband signal and a more noticeable load impact. Utilizing inductors can readily lead to electromagnetic induction.
If the inductance L is substantial, the filter's size and weight are correspondingly significant. It is not suitable for use in the low-frequency range.
An active filter is a combination of passive elements and active units.
This filter holds onto energy in the signal it allows through and can be enhanced with amplification. The impact on the load is minimal, and there is little interplay when multiple stages are linked.
Creating a high-order filter can be effortlessly achieved through a straightforward cascade technique. The filter is compact, lightweight, and doesn't necessitate magnetic protection.
However, the downside is that the active device's bandwidth restricts the range of the passband. It requires a DC power supply and is not as reliable as a passive filter. Not suitable for high voltage, high frequency, and high power applications.
The above is an introduction to network filters.